What are the initial laboratory tests performed for the diagnosis of anemia?

The initial laboratory tests for diagnosing anemia focus on evaluating the blood components and the bone marrow's response to anemia. A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is fundamental as it provides critical information on hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices, which are essential for identifying the type of anemia. The reticulocyte count is also vital, as it assesses the bone marrow's ability to produce new red blood cells in response to anemia, helping to distinguish between different causes of anemia (e.g., whether it's due to inadequate production or increased destruction of red blood cells).

Additionally, a peripheral blood film examination offers crucial insights into the morphology of red blood cells and can reveal abnormalities such as microcytosis, macrocytosis, or the presence of abnormal cells, which are key indicators of specific types of anemia. This combination of tests provides a comprehensive initial assessment to diagnose anemia effectively.

While other options suggest valuable tests, they may not encompass the full initial evaluative process as succinctly as the choice selected. Specifically, though iron studies and vitamin assessments can be important follow-up tests, they are often part of a more extended diagnostic approach rather than the immediate initial evaluation. Bone marrow studies are typically not done first unless indicated by the results of