Which information is essential for labeling a blood specimen tube?

Labeling a blood specimen tube accurately is crucial for ensuring proper identification and tracking of samples in a clinical setting. The essential information needed for labeling includes specific identifiers that allow laboratory personnel to match the specimen with the correct patient and their medical records. The patient's room number is vital in this context because it helps to quickly locate the patient within the healthcare facility, confirming the sample's origin and ensuring that results are attributed to the right individual.

Other options, while they may be useful in certain contexts, do not serve as fundamental identifiers for labeling blood specimen tubes. For example, a patient's age or weight may not uniquely identify a patient and could apply to multiple individuals. Insurance details are not necessary for the immediate processes of specimen identification and analysis under laboratory protocols. Thus, the use of the patient's room number is the most relevant for ensuring traceability and minimizing errors in sample handling.