Which morphological change is indicative of apoptosis?

Nuclear condensation is a characteristic morphological change associated with apoptosis, which is a programmed form of cell death. During apoptosis, the chromatin within the nucleus condenses tightly, causing the nucleus to shrink and become increasingly dense. This nuclear condensation is an early event in the apoptotic process and is often followed by additional changes, such as the fragmentation of both the nucleus and the cell itself.

This process serves several purposes. First, it helps to ensure that the genetic material is packaged properly for the eventual phagocytosis of the dying cell without provoking an inflammatory response. Second, the condensation of the nucleus is an essential step that facilitates the orderly degradation of cellular components, so the body can effectively recycle them or remove the dying cells safely.

In contrast, cellular swelling is indicative of necrosis, a form of cell death that results from acute injury and leads to inflammation. Rupture of the cytoplasm and rupture of the nucleus are also generally associated with necrosis, as these events typically occur due to the loss of membrane integrity that characterizes that process. Thus, the nuclear condensation is the most specific indicator of apoptosis among the choices provided.