Which technique uses diffraction, reflection, and refraction of light waves?

The technique that uses diffraction, reflection, and refraction of light waves is optical scatter. Optical scatter is based on the interaction of light with particles. When light encounters a particle, it can be scattered in various directions depending on the particle's size, shape, and refractive index. This scattering process is influenced by the principles of diffraction, where light waves bend around obstacles, reflection, where light bounces off surfaces, and refraction, where light changes direction as it passes through different media.

Optical scattering is commonly used in hematology to analyze blood cells and other particles in suspension. By measuring how much light is scattered by cells, important information like cell size, shape, and concentration can be obtained. This technique is fundamental in various laboratory instruments that perform blood analysis, providing critical data for diagnostic purposes.

The other techniques listed do not incorporate the same principles of light interaction as optical scatter. Impedance primarily refers to a measure of how much a circuit resists current when a voltage is applied and does not relate directly to light. Electrical waves pertain to electrical energy rather than optical phenomena. RF, or radio frequency, involves electromagnetic waves outside the optical spectrum and does not engage in diffraction, reflection, or refraction as associated with light waves.